Cognitive bias testing measures how emotional states can affect cognitive processes. often described using the “glass half-full/half-empty” paradigm. Classical or operant conditioning is used to measure responses to ambiguous cues. and it has been reported across many species and contexts that an animal’s cognitive bias can be directly linked to welfare state. https://vmacjlglcde7e.aioblogs.com/87843699/editorial-of-special-issue-on-power-transmission-and-control-in-power-and-vehicle-machineries